The angles, cross-values, thrust relationships, visual motion and interpretations in this module are simplified fictional teaching data—not OEM alignment specifications, adjustment limits or repair instructions. Use the exact vehicle service information and alignment-equipment procedure for tire pressure/loading, ride height, compensation, targets, specifications, adjustment sequence, fasteners, steering-angle initialization and ADAS calibration requirements. Browser completion is not practical competency.
From wheel/tire evidence to trustworthy chassis measurement
12.1 introduced geometry, 12.2 suspension motion, 12.3 steering and 12.4 wheel/tire evidence. 12.5 turns those ideas into an alignment measurement workflow. Previous: 12.4 Wheels, Tires & Tire Pressure Monitoring. Next planned module: 12.6 · Ride, Noise, Vibration & Handling Diagnosis.
Know what the rack is actually measuring
See individual, cross, total-toe and thrust relationships
Change the fictional wheel angles. The model summarizes relationships only; it does not decide whether any value is in specification for a real vehicle.
Sign convention in this fictional model: positive toe = toe-in; negative toe = toe-out. Real equipment/OEM conventions and specifications must be verified.
Trust the measurement only after you trust the setup
Ordered alignment workflow
Complete the sequence in order.
Evidence
Best supported conclusion / next step
10-question knowledge check
Online alignment knowledge is not alignment-rack competency
Use approved alignment equipment, lifting/support methods, exact specifications and service procedures. Adjustment points, fasteners, load conditions and calibration requirements vary by vehicle.
Student: ____________________ Date: __________ Instructor: ____________________