Trace how engine torque, motor-generator torque, planetary/power-split relationships and electric drive-unit reduction combine to move the vehicle across changing operating conditions.
Safety boundary: Conceptual/diagnostic training only. Hybrid transaxles and electric drive units can contain high voltage, rotating assemblies and stored energy. Follow current OEM procedures, qualification requirements and safe-work practices before physical service.
Identify whether the vehicle uses a power-split device, dedicated hybrid transmission, axle-mounted electric drive unit or another arrangement before interpreting speed and torque data.
Foundation: identify the active path. Technician: compare member command and response. Deep: explain coupled speed, torque and energy relationships.
A planetary gearset can couple engine, generator and output members so their speeds are mathematically related. One member changing speed can alter the others without a conventional gear change.
Foundation: identify the active path. Technician: compare member command and response. Deep: explain coupled speed, torque and energy relationships.
Motor-generators can propel, generate, start the engine and control another member’s speed. Commanded torque sign and speed direction matter.
Foundation: identify the active path. Technician: compare member command and response. Deep: explain coupled speed, torque and energy relationships.
BEV and hybrid drive units commonly combine traction motor, fixed reduction gearing and differential functions. Fixed gearing does not mean fixed motor speed or torque.
Foundation: identify the active path. Technician: compare member command and response. Deep: explain coupled speed, torque and energy relationships.
Vehicle output can combine engine mechanical power with electrical power. Energy may split, circulate or reverse depending on operating mode and battery limits.
Foundation: identify the active path. Technician: compare member command and response. Deep: explain coupled speed, torque and energy relationships.
During deceleration, wheel torque can drive the electric machine as a generator. Power-split and drive-unit paths determine where recovered energy flows.
Foundation: identify the active path. Technician: compare member command and response. Deep: explain coupled speed, torque and energy relationships.
Compare requested mode, member speeds, motor-generator torque, engine state, battery limits and output response under the same condition before isolating a fault branch.
Foundation: identify the active path. Technician: compare member command and response. Deep: explain coupled speed, torque and energy relationships.
Supplies mechanical torque when commanded; engine speed can be decoupled from road speed in a power-split system.
Couples members through fixed tooth-count relationships and distributes speed/torque among engine, generator and output paths.
Can start the engine, generate electrical power or control a planetary member speed depending on architecture.
Provides propulsion and regenerative torque and may connect through reduction gearing to the final drive.
Converts and routes electrical power between battery and motor-generators while supervisory controls set limits.
Transforms motor/output speed and distributes mechanical torque to the drive wheels.
Selects operating mode and coordinates engine, motor torque, battery limits and transitions.
Member speeds, torque commands, current/power direction and output response reveal whether the commanded path is actually occurring.
Normalized fictional teaching indices only—not OEM specifications.
Select a state.
Identify the exact hybrid/EV drive architecture and the complaint/operating condition.
Capture DTCs, mode/READY state, engine state, battery limits and relevant speed/torque data before disturbing the system.
Map the expected mechanical and electrical power path for that operating mode.
Compare commanded torque and member speeds with actual response; find the first relationship that does not agree.
Use current OEM procedures to isolate the responsible control, electrical or mechanical branch; observe HV and rotating-component safety boundaries.
After authorized repair, reproduce the original condition and verify member-speed relationships, torque transfer, transitions and vehicle response.
Power-split mode is active; MG1 speed changes while output/MG2 follows road speed.
Evidence gate: In a power-split architecture, engine speed need not track road speed like a fixed gear. Confirm expected member relationships before calling it transmission slip.
Battery power is available and inverter command is present, but MG2 actual torque remains well below request while output speed barely responds.
Evidence gate: The mismatch localizes toward traction-machine/conversion/output response; architecture and battery permission alone do not prove delivered wheel torque.
Engine-start request occurs, but MG1 speed/torque response is delayed while engine speed does not rise as expected.
Evidence gate: Diagnose the commanded starter-generator/member-speed relationship before blaming combustion or the mechanical gearset.
MG2 regen request is reduced at the same time battery charge acceptance is limited, while mechanical path and wheel-speed signals remain plausible.
Evidence gate: Reduced regen can be a supervisory energy-acceptance decision; prove the limiting branch before condemning the drive unit.
Select Start.
Instructor-observed evidence required; online completion alone is not a practical competency claim.
Instructor-observed evidence required; online completion alone is not a practical competency claim.
Instructor-observed evidence required; online completion alone is not a practical competency claim.
Instructor-observed evidence required; online completion alone is not a practical competency claim.
Instructor-observed evidence required; online completion alone is not a practical competency claim.
Instructor-observed evidence required; online completion alone is not a practical competency claim.
This is a new first-pass 16.6 module. Existing planetary-gear, hybrid architecture, operating-mode, battery, inverter and regeneration resources are preserved as supporting context, not represented as a previously completed 16.6 course.